CIR#4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIR#4 - Assignment Example ccurs in an individual and that is related with present trouble or incapacity or with an essentially expanded danger of enduring passing, torment, handicap, or a significant loss of freedom†. (Web Addiction Disorder Web) This issue wasâ firstâ describedâ in 1995â by Ivan Goldberg (Pickett Web). Fast and customary glancing through destinations prompts the way that the human mind loses its capacity to top to bottom systematic reasoning, changing normal clients of the system into individuals who are imprudent and unfit for scholarly work. Be that as it may, unsettling influences in intuition and memory misfortune are not just the adverse effect of the Internet on individual. Diving into the Internet, individuals bit by bit lose abilities of genuine correspondence, which prompts asocial conduct. The insights isn't cheerful. It says that â€Å"1 in 8 Americans experience the ill effects of tricky Internet use† (The Center for Internet Addiction Recovery (â€Å"IAD†) Web) and it increments in the Eastern nations, as China, Taiwan, and Korea. Moreover Stanford University’s research in 2006 indicated that â€Å"1/8 of those studied had at any rate one issue because of an excessive amount of utilization of the web† (Internet Addiction Statistics Web).â Notwithstanding mental and subjective disarranges web reliance is hazardous regarding states of being. Investing a great deal of energy close to the screens, we ruin the vision; we cause the Tunnel Syndrome of the wrist. Web dependence issue, which is joined by an inactive way of life, prompts different infections of the spine and joints, cardiovascular sickness and numerous other

Freshwater Mussels Essay -- Marine Life Mollusks Conservation Essays

Freshwater Mussels Mussels are a types of marine life that possesses a significant number of the waterways in the United States. They fill in as a significant part of the environmental arrangement of the water where they possess. In any case, the quantity of mussels have been declining with the end goal that many are currently considered as imperiled species. There are a couple of explanations behind the decrease in populace, including mastery by a solitary types of mussels called the zebra mussel. Preservation has started on mussels as a result of their solid ecological impact. The two gatherings keen on mussels include parties that utilization the lakes for diversion and consider mussels as a danger to their gaming just as scientists that comprehend the control of zebra mussels and endeavor to shield the local mussels from the zebra mussels. Mussels are in a gathering of invertebrate creatures called mollusks. Freshwater mussels are likewise alluded to as shellfishes, naiads, and unionids. Mussels go through its time on earth secured in waterways or lake base silt. By far most of them are found in streams. Their development is through either strong feet or incredible flood flows. A mussel catches oxygen and infinitesimal food particles in streaming water through filtration (Vermont's Freshwater WWW). Mussels consistently siphon water through their bodies. Water enters through the incurrent or branchial siphon and exits by means of the excurrent or butt-centric siphon (Mussel Biology WWW). This siphoning procedure permits the mussel to channel food from the water. The food comprises of waste, natural issue found on the stream, and tiny fish which are minute plants and creatures suspended in water (Mussel Biology WWW). Mussels are extensive species with some living over 10 years. Others have been record... ...reissena polymorpha. NAS. Arranged by the Florida Caribbean Science Center of the Biological Resources Division: http://www.nfrcg.gov/zebra.mussel/docs/sp_account.html#HDR2. Mussel Biology. http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/cwe/wwwtest/mussel/Pages/introduction.html Vermont's Freshwater Mussels Uniqueness and Diversity, Now Under Siege. The Nature Conservancy of Vermont. http://tnc.org/searchtnc.html (second posting under quest for mollusk). West Coast Mollusc Culture: A present and future point of view procedures of a California Sea Grant Workshop in participation with the Pacific Sea Grant College Program. altered by Rosemary Amidei. La Jolla, CA California Sea Grant College Program, Institute of Maine Resources, University of California 1988: 87 pages. Zebra Mussel: Dreissena polymorpha. http://tnc.org/searchtnc.html (first posting under quest for mollusk).

Discover Photo Essay Topics to Work With

Discover Photo Essay Topics to Work WithFor assignments in the art field, choose between a variety of Bay Area photo essay topics to create eye-catching images. A successful assignment will include locations such as Yosemite, Antelope Valley, Marin County, and San Francisco, but there are many other areas to consider.For example, if you were photographing a location that you would normally visit and explore, such as Half Moon Bay, you may want to choose a particular place and photograph it, but not always the whole area. In this case, you could choose a single area and only photograph it for one assignment. You could also set up some practical locations, such as a rock outcropping or a green space, for certain assignments.Most students are used to using large format film and prefer to use color film for photo-essay topics. However, some students are fine with black and white film and prefer to use their photography skills in this mode as well. The only option you have is to select a digital mode and add other features, such as sound, video, and lighting, so that the final product looks as natural as possible. One thing to keep in mind is that many photographers use a wide-angle lens and want to use this on their camera for the same effect.Your selection of what type of film to use depends upon what kind of high contrast light you want. The original Kodak film has a great color and grain, but is soft and grainy. If you wish to create a sharp image, you will need to buy Kodak film.However, if you are looking for more control over the color and texture of your image, you will want to use either color film or negative film. When using a color film, the contrast in the image is controlled by the contrast filter. Negative film provides the most control, because you can print the images you take with iton a variety of media, including the color film, which creates a much more original work of art.In many cases, the Marin County coastline will produce amazing images of beautiful sunsets. There are many ways to include the coastline into your assignment. Just as you would use images of the coast to create a photograph of the Marin County region, you can create your own photograph and use the coastline in another location, such as in the Pacific Ocean.Using the coast as a subject is an easy way to get ideas, but you can also use the ocean to illustrate various Bay Area photo essay topics. For example, if you are creating a photograph of the ocean and the coastline, you might create a sea turtle underwater shot to explore. This will give you a chance to use a different format in addition to a digital image format and experiment with different shooting angles and filters that will produce a unique image.Choose the best Bay Area photo essay topics to complete your assignments. Choose the locations that interest you and photograph them. Use any color film or negative film you have available and experiment with different methods to produce unique images .

Clear Vision in Shakespeares King Lear Essay - 1821 Words

Seeing Clearly in King Lear King Lear of Britain, the protagonist in Shakespeares tragic play of the same name undergoes radical change as a man, father and king as he is forced to bear the repercussions of his actions. Lear is initially portrayed as being an egotistical ruler, relying on protestations of love from his daughters to apportion his kingdom. Lears tragic flaw is the division of his kingdom and his inability to see the true natures of people because of his pride while his scathing anger is also shown to override his judgment. He wrongfully disowns his youngest and most truthful daughter Cordelia, preferring his elder daughters, Regan and Goneril, because of an eagerness to be flattered, and they ironically turn†¦show more content†¦Kent is shown to be faithful to Lear by confronting him about his sins, and like Cordelia is banished because of his honesty. The Fool in the play serves as Lears conscience and social commentator, conveying his poignant messages to the King in cryptic riddles. He says give me an egg, nuncle, and Ill give thee two crowns, and thou hadst little wit in thy bald crown when thou gavest thy golden one away, commenting on Lears lack of judgment in dividing his land. Throughout the play, the Fool observes the disorder that Lear has not only caused to himself but also his entire kingdom while constant references made by him sarcastically indicate the Kings foolishness. The Fool says, she will taste as like this as a crab does to a crab, telling Lear that Regans nature will be no different than Gonerils. The Fool is partially comparable to Cordelia, in that he is a truth-teller like her and is firmly obedient to him, although the Fool is never reproved for his words, unlike Cordelia, because he is all-licensed. The fools role in the play is as an adviser to the King, but the King does not heed his cryptic messages, therefore seeing the outcomes of his actions. The hostility and disrespect shown by Lears two elder daughters Goneril and Regan to the KingShow MoreRelatedSight and Blindness in King Lear1615 Words   |  7 PagesSight and Blindness in King Lear In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play. These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphorical, the blindnessRead MoreEssay on Madness in King Lear: Act 4848 Words   |  4 Pages Madness in King Lear: Act 4 In Shakespeares play King Lear, Shakespeare introduces many themes. The most important theme shown in King Lear is the theme of madness. During the course of this play madness is shown in the tragic hero, King Lear. King Lear develops madness right in the beginning of the play but he actually shows it in Act 4. In this act, King Lear is not only at the peak of madness but it is also shown him coming out of his madness as well. This act is likely to be the most importantRead MoreWhat Is Love, a Comparison of Love in Othello and King Lear1488 Words   |  6 Pagestwo masterpieces, Othello and King Lear. Three different kinds of loves explored in both Othello and King Lear, sharing both similarities and differences are a love for a significant other, the love a father holds to his children, and the love a daughter holds for her father. By looking at the outcomes of these loves one may draw a sense of loves negative and positive effects, and how the different traits of loves play into the outcomes in the fate of Shakespeares characters. Through the analysisRead More Villains, Sin, and Sex in Shakespeares Othello and King Lear1443 Words   |  6 PagesOthello and King Lear   Ã‚   Many of Shakespeare plays are littered with crude and graphic sexual references, jests, and insults. But there is one type of character present throughout Shakespeares plays that twist the sexual imagery and repartee, and that is the villain. There is a deeply rooted combination between sex and evil.   This essay will develop this idea in depth by focusing on Iago of Othello and Edmund of King Lear.       Iago is probably viewed as one of Shakespeares greatest villainsRead MoreEssay about William Shakespeares Relevance Today2257 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Relevance Today For as long as formal education has existed in Britain it has been a largely standard assumption that teaching the works of William Shakespeare is relevant and necessary. Perhaps the relevance of his writing is taken for granted, perhaps it is necessary to re-examine the role of Shakespeare for the modern audience. There are indeed many people who question the relevance of this 440 year old playwright to a 21st century audienceRead More Tragic Redemption of King Lear Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragic Redemption of King Lear Shakespeares ultimate Tragedy, King Lear, is indeed a dark and soul-harrowing play. The tragic madness of King Lear, and of the subsequent turmoil that follows from it, is all the more terrible for the kings inability to cope with the loss of his mind, his family, and his pride. This descent into horror culminates at the tragic conclusion, where both the innocent and the guilty die for others mistakes and lack of judgment. And yet, as bleakRead MoreThe Tragic Consequence of Blindness in King Lear770 Words   |  4 Pages though it be by a dog; but he that is blind in his understanding, which is the worst blindness of all, believes he sees as the best, and scorns a guide. Blindness is a major theme that recurs throughout Shakespeare’s play, King Lear. Samuel Butler’s quote can be used to describe King Lear, who suffers, not from a lack of physical sight, but from a lack of insight and understanding. Blindness is a factor in his poor judgment. It plays a major role in the bad decisions he makes. It leads toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares King Lear Essays1856 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares King Lear A man more sinned against than sinning King Lear is one of Shakespeares more complex plays and within it many different themes are addressed and explored. King LearRead MoreLove, Friendship, Loyalty in William Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream and King Lear2661 Words   |  11 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) attempt to explore themes of love, friendship and loyalty in his plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1600) and King Lear (1603-1606), there is distinct and constant portrayal of these themes classified of inconsistencies. It is crucial to understand that the historical context of Shakespeare’s writing is important in grasping a true understanding of the inconsistencies that exists in love, friendship and loyalty. Writing during the time of the renaissance, Shakespeare’sRead MoreA an More Sinned Against Than Sinning1811 Words   |  8 Pageswith this statement? King Lear is one of Shakespeares more complex plays and within it many different themes are addressed and explored. King Lear is the somewhat unfortunate vehicle that Shakespeare uses to explore many of these themes creating a complex character including the roles of a father, king, friend and adversary. As Lear is not a simple character he cannot simply be classed as all good or bad; it can be argued he is a bad father and king but does that make Lear a bad man? Does he deserve

Comparing Wordsworths Ode to Duty and Elegiac Stanzas

Comparing Wordsworths Ode to Duty and Elegiac Stanzas A past attitude is reverted to and revised in Wordsworths Ode to Duty and Elegiac Stanzas. Employing geographic metaphors, both celestial and earth-bound, the poems climb over rocky Wordsworthian terrain that details his reconciliation between past and present and implications of the future. Though vastly different stylistically†¹Ode to Duty utilizes an antiquated verse form and language, while Elegiac Stanzas is written in Wordsworths beloved language of men†¹and in the internal willfulness on the poets part to change versus reaction to external stimuli, the poems parallel in their desires for resolution of a disarrayed soul via the calming sublime power of either an†¦show more content†¦His desire to mend his ways was brought about Through no disturbance of my soul,/ Or strong compunction in me wroughtÃ…  / But in the quietness of thought (33-4, 36). The poems devotion to an abstract concept exemplifies the willful internality of the poets decision. This internal ity leads the poet to supplicate for thy control, an act that shifts the poem into the religious territory of reverence. Indeed, Wordsworth subtly raises his travel conceit from the earth to the heavens. In the quietness of thought, a time that is often reserved for prayer, he decides that Me this unchartered freedom tires;/ I feel the weight of chance-desires (37-8). The unmapped liberalism of random urges weighs him down and bounds him to the earth; the austere and personified guardian of duty, on the other hand, steps lightly between the earth and the sky: Nor know we anything so fair/ As is the smile upon thy face;/ Flowers laugh before thee on their beds/ And fragrance in thy footing treads;/ Thou dost preserve the stars from wrong;/ And the most ancient heavens, through Thee, are fresh and strong (43-8). The craving for a repose that ever is the same, a constancy that may, in the future, hold for him a blissful course, is made salient in the comparison to stars, long regarded as shapers of destiny (40, 21). The repose here means sleep, whereas in the fourth stanza reposed my trust means

Some Questions and Answers Contents of Dead Mans Pocket

Some questions and answers Contents of Dead Mans Pocket 1. (a) Recall: What document is Tom working on at the start of the story? (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What long-term goals does he hope to achieve by this work? (c) Draw Conclusions: What does his plan tell you about his character? Ans : (a) Tom is working on a proposal for a new grocery-store display method. (b) He hopes it will advance his career. (c) Tom is ambitious and cares deeply about his work. 2. (a) Recall: Why does Tom go out on the ledge? (b) Connect: Is his decision surprising given his character? Explain. Ans: (a) Tom goes out on the ledge to retrieve a sheet of statistics. (b) No, Tom seems to be completely consumed with ambition. 3. (a)†¦show more content†¦The author utilized setting expertly as he casually introduces the fact that the apartment is on the eleventh floor of a New York apartment building during the first few paragraphs of the story. The scene is further set when the contrast between the warmth in the apartment and the coldness of the ledge is portrayed when his wife leaves for the movies. An additional contrast in setting is created as he will be working, and later be stuck on the cold ledge, fighting for his life, while his wife is relaxing in the comfort of the theatre. The author utilizes a narrator with an omniscient point of view. This allows the reader to get an insight into the thoughts and feelings of Tom. The use of this type of narrator also allows the author to control what and how much is revealed to the reader in building suspense. The point of view used influences the effectiveness of suspense as the narrator reveals the various thoughts and feelings of Tom at the correct point in the development of the story to keep the reader absorbed by the developments. The narrators perspective affects your understanding of the story. The tone in this story is seemingly neutral and factual, but on closer assessment it becomes clear that the author, Jack Finney, portrays a sympathetic view towards the character Tom Benecke. The way the narrator is telling the story results in a lot of suspense. Will Tom go out on the ledge? Will he be able to retrieve the yellow paper? Will he be able to stay onShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Night 1667 Words   |  7 Pageswere on in the living room. Dylan could see a wheelchair in front of the TV beside the couch. The one story home was wheel chair accessible. Dylan walked up the ramp to the door. He took his gun out of the backpack, and carefully placed it in his pocket. He lifted his arm and knocked on the door. A middle-aged man came to the door. His hair was grey and his face creased with lines. It seemed as if this man had been under a lot of stress in the past year. That wouldn’t be surprising since he wouldRead MoreThe Third Level3219 Words   |  13 Pagesonly  SIX  pages in length, Finney manages to not only capture the readers imagination, but too also provide a clear example of time travel that doesnt confuse the reader. What is the explanation of The third level by Jack Finney? Books and Literature Questions Best Answer Charley, the main character of the story finds a portal which leads to 1894. He tries to go to his hometown, Galesburg. But, as because he didnt have any currency of 1894, he had to postpond his plans for the future. He exchanged his 3 hundredRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pages recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13Read MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesphotocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13.Read MoreEssay on Assassins Blood1943 Words   |  8 Pagesreminded him of a television commercial he had recently seen. He smiled thinking the idiot would die with that stupid jingle going through his head. He gently opened the door further and looked in through the open space. He could see the mans back to him covered in a silken red robe combing a scrubby patch of hair in a mirror on a dressing unit next to the bed. He would wait until he was in bed and the lights were out. He didnt have to wait long. The light from the bedroomRead MoreShort Story11492 Words   |  46 Pagesin your drawer?† â€Å"What you talking about Stone? I dont drink while Im on duty.† â€Å"Come on Cap, dont shit a shitter. Trust me, I think I know how we can get the elf to play ball. Bring him in, give him a couple of drinks and Ill get the files for some of our big cases.† Act Three Scene One First Contact The spot that Joel had been ordered to wait at, was the corner of 42nd street. After a dozen or so minutes of waiting to no avail, Joel could see why this street wasRead MoreAlcatraz as a Tourist Attraction Essay3109 Words   |  13 Pageslaw, and organized crime is booming. Youve been convicted of tax evasion and have spent the last couple years at the Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary. With several thousand dollars stuffed in the hollow handle of your tennis racket, and a warden in your pocket, youve been living life like a king. But all thats about to come to and end, you find yourself standing on Pier 41, Fishermans Warf, San Francisco bay. Its early morning and the fog obscures your view. As it starts to lift and recede into theRead MoreShort Story9628 Words   |  39 Pagesname?† â€Å"Jordan. I’d give you my passport, but for some reason I don’t have it anymore.† Sayeed pulled the navy book in question from his jacket and thumbed through it. â€Å"Jordan Campbell. Place of birth, Atlanta, Georgia.† He flipped several pages and turned the book sideways. â€Å"You arrived almost two weeks ago to Lahore.† Dave kept his face stoic. â€Å"This is where I started. You know how hard it is to find liquor in Pakistan. Well I got my hands on some today, and I guess I went a little overboard ’causeRead MoreAge of Darkness: A Narrative Fiction3194 Words   |  13 Pagesthe whole point of this. Lucifer rebelled against God because he knew that mankind would outgrow him. And outgrow him, they have! God doesnt exist in their realm anymore! Their only god is money! Leviathan roared, aiming his revolver at the other mans head. God forgives those who repent, even...demons... Melchizedek said. Repent and you will be forgiven. The Order wont be broken! God? Forgive demons? Leviathan cocked an eyebrow. Thats an interesting thing. Is that what you said to youRead MoreSummary Of A Christmas Carol 11802 Words   |  48 PagesAlright†¦settle in there you two. (Bobby pulls a blanket from off the back of the couch and places it over he and Grandma’s laps. He reaches out and gets a cookie from the tray.) Grandpa: Jacob Marley was dead to begin with†¦ Bobby: What? Grandpa: That’s how the story begins â€Å"Jacob Marley was dead to begin with. Dead as a doornail† Bobby: (eating the cookie)Good beginning Grandpa†¦kind of creepy and spooky. Grandma; Yes dear,nice job. Grandpa: May I continue? Bobby: Ready†¦ Grandpa: In life Marley had a shrewd

Humanism Analysis Essay Example For Students

Humanism Analysis Essay Humanism is a concept that has changed since the sixteenth century. Its original meaning was the belief in the validity of the human spirit that coincided with piety for God. Now, humanism refers to the glorification of man over God. The passing of time has transformed the concept of love, also. In our present society, one loves pizza or one loves a spouse. Currently, love encompasses a vast majority of ideas and intensities. The sonnets and poems of Surrey, Sidney, Spenser, and Wyatt deem love as a consuming passion. To the sixteenth century poet, love is a powerful force that creates misery, but surpasses the pain to be a worthy endeavor. Love is a personified superior entity which must be obeyed. In Wyatts The Love That in My Thought Doth Harbor, love is his master 441; ln. 12. His master controls his heart, and endeavors to reign. Even when love cowers from shame the poet still supports him. In Astrophil and Stella, loves decrees must be followed, since they have such power Sidney 460; sonnet 2, ln. 4. Love can act such as wringing ones heart and giving wounds Surrey 452; ln. 6; Sidney 460; sonnet 2, ln. 2. Love possesses ones self to produce much affliction. Wyatt wrote a poem, Farewell Love, to express his tumultuous emotions. He desired for love to leave him after years of suffering at loves mercy Wyatt 440. In My Lute, Awake, Wyatt addresses love as an illness: I am past remedy 442; ln. 14. Wyatt also desires to watch his former love suffer for the pain she inflicted on him. Surrey considers love the reason for his discomfort in Alas! So All Things Now Do Hold Their Peace 452; ln. 11. Sidney endeavors to ignore love, yet at the same time with a feeling skill I paint my hell 460; sonnet 2, ln. 13-4. Loves pain produces a type of hell and a disease for those ensnared that cannot be ignored. The misery love produces cannot surpass the benefit of love. Surrey considers love his lord and writes Yet from my lord shall not my foot remove: Sweet is the death that taketh end by love 451; ln. 13-4. Death is even pleasurable if caused from love. Sidney addresses love by writing, I call it praise to suffer tyranny 460; ln. 11. Later in Astrophil and Stella, Sidney says that loves effect caused anguish, but that the cause more sweet could be 471; sonnet 87, ln. 12-3. The rule of love is still worthy of praise, regardless of the affliction. According to Spensers Amoretti, love is the lesson which the Lord us taught 737; sonnet 68, ln. 14. Love would be desirous because God uses it to teach us. Love painfully invaded the lives of the poets, but resulted in an eventual joy, even if the joy was at death. Love dominated their poetry as it dominated their lives. Today, our spouses may afflict our emotions, but love of pizza will probably never  leave a deep emotional attachment. Our society has downgraded love in our life from what was considered the normal experience. Despite the hermeneutical transformation applied to the concept of love, the words of the nineteenth century poet Tennyson ring true today as they would have in the sixteenth century: tis better to have loved and lost, than to have never loved at all qtd. in Stevenson 1463.

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How to Use the PHP Is_Numeric() Function

How to Use the PHP Is_Numeric() Function The is_numeric() function in the  PHP programming language is used to evaluate whether a value is a number or numeric string. Numeric strings contain any number of digits, optional signs such as or -, an optional decimal, and an optional exponential. Therefore, 234.5e6 is a valid numeric string. Binary notation and hexadecimal notation are not allowed.   The  is_numeric()  function can be used within an if() statement to treat numbers in one way and non-numbers in another. It returns true or false. Examples of the Is_Numeric() Function For example: ?php if (is_numeric(887)) { echo Yes; } else { echo No; } ? Because 887 is a number, this echos Yes. However: ?php if (is_numeric(cake)) { echo Yes; } else { echo No; } ? Because cake is not a number, this echos No. Similar Functions A similar function, ctype-digit(), also checks for numeric characters, but only for digits- no optional signs, decimals, or exponents allowed. Every character in the string text must be a decimal digit for the return to be true. Otherwise, the function  returns false. Other similar functions include: is_null() – Finds whether a variable is NULLis_float() – Finds whether the type of a variable is floatis_int() – Find whether the type of a variable is integeris_string() – Find whether the type of a variable is stringis_object() – Finds whether a variable is an objectis_array() – Finds whether a variable is an arrayis_bool()  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Finds out whether a variable is a boolean About PHP PHP is an abbreviation for Hypertext Preprocessor. It is an open-source HTML-friendly scripting language that is  used by website owners to write dynamically generated pages. The code is executed on the server and generates HTML, which is then sent to the client. PHP is a popular server-side language that can be deployed on almost every operating system and platform.

Proctor and Gamble Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Proctor and Gamble - Term Paper Example Being in the Fortune 500 list shows that the organization has strong worth and quality while they conduct their business in producing goods and services for the consumers (PG.com Home: Sustainability, company, brands, 2011). The operations of Procter and Gamble are present in above 80 countries worldwide. The brand range of this organization is numbering up to 300. That is 300 brands in the market of around 160 countries at a global level. The brand range of Procter and Gamble consist of beauty care products, the Gillette products and the various types of household care products (PG.com Home: Sustainability, company, brands, 2011). Procter and Gamble have the confidence that 3 billion times a day, the products of P&G touch the lives of the people. The headquarters for this organization is in Cincinnati, Ohio. The number of employees working for this organization is around 138,000 employees. To provide products and services to consumers that are branded and possess a high quality level and also give valuable products to consumers so that consumers have a healthy life style and also focus on healthy living for the generations that come ahead. This vision for Procter and Gamble will result in successful sales of the products due to the consumers; this makes the organisation more profitable and valuable, allowing the communities and shareholders to have a successful living and working life as well. Principles of the organization help in framing a strong mission and vision of the organization. The principles of the organization should be embed within the employees so that they perform their work accordingly and produce the best results. The Principles of Procter and Gamble are: To equally value the interests of the organization and the interests of the individual. If the individual’s interests and the organization’s interest are in

Entrepreneurship and new business ventures Essay

Entrepreneurship and new business ventures - Essay Example Andrew Bengry-Howell from the University of Bath, stated that the people he interviewed at 4 of the largest music festivals were there to escape their daily routines (Tickle, 2011). These people view these festivals as havens where they could experience that sense of release. Some people said that they deliberately left their cellphones at home and tried to drift aimlessly inside the festival and disappear. The music festival kit will targeted towards these consumers who frequently spend 2-4 days at music festivals, depending on the length of the festival, and require materials for overnight stays. The attendance at these music festivals can give us an idea of the target market. Below is a list of the biggest festivals around the globe and their attendance numbers (MTV Contributer , 2013). It is important to note the attendance figures as it gives us an idea of the potential market size: These numbers show that the size of the target market is relatively large. What is interesting to note is that these festivals comprise of a sizable chunk of foreign participants. The SZSW festival held in Austin comprised of registrants from 64 foreign countries (SXSW, 2013). So it is worthwhile to note the global hubs of music festivals since the participants of the music festivals do not restrict themselves to their localities. They regularly visit other cities and even countries hunting for the best and biggest music festivals to attend and hence are a part of the potential market. In Australia, attendance at such festivals went up by 0.6% since ticket prices fell by 0.7%. Revenue from this sector averaged around $1.3 billion, which shows the growth potential of this market (AlNewstead, 2012). Contemporary music was the biggest drawcard and hence contributed $539.2 million in revenue which is 41.3% of the total share. Ticket sales from this sector amounted to 5.9 million tickets. Australia is considered to be the strongest market in the world right now for music

Family and Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Family and Delinquency Essay How is it developed and how is it Solved? Introduction â€Å"Abuse† and â€Å"violence† are considered to be terms that are believed to be the understatement of the actual situation that is happening in the society right now. It could be observed that through the years, the number of individuals being victimized by the said dilemma are undeniably increasing making the word â€Å"abuse† not just a word but one among the many things that people within the human society fear most. Abuse is the way by which people try to maltreat their fellowmen. This is regardless of the fact that the people being maltreated are either their friends or their family members as well. It could not be denied that this dreadful situation have affected the sections of human socialization already. The school institutions, the workplace, the churches and now even within homes, the existence of abuse cannot be much controlled anymore. This is primarily the reason why it is very important to take several things regarding this particular issue into consideration for studying. This would naturally allow a more focused procedure that shall be developed to assist abused victims both young and old, men and women to recover from the situation that they have been involved with when they were abused in the past. It is pretty much appalling to know how a highly established society could be afflicted by the different effects of the abusive acts that are brought about as one of the major disadvantages of the advancements of the society. What are the sources of these major abuses? Most likely, as psychologists and sociologists point out, people are moved to create possible ways of releasing their tension regarding several experiences through afflicting the security of others. Most of those who are noted as the ones victimizing others have been once victims themselves. On their own way then, they are trying to release the depression and the pain that they are afflicted with through passing on the dreadful situation to others as revenge to those who have once victimized them. The abusive acts and their effects on the victim do not end on the actual act of abusing alone. The results of the said incidents account for further impact on the personality of the victim primarily pertaining on his or her social interaction with the community that he lives with. Most likely, isolation and the feeling of lesser self-worth eventually develop. It could not be denied that these results are hardly expected by the victims before they were involved with the abuse that they were faced with. Certainly, it is through the memories of the abuse that the pain tends to remain in complete control of the victim’s major dealings with the society. At some point, the said victims tend to become socially avoiding as they actually fear that the same thing might happen to them again in the hands of other people that they may or may not know. The trust that they used to have on other people before they were victimized eventually fades making it harder for them to recover on the past that they have experienced. The World Reports and What They Pertain to According to worldwide reports, there are several abusive acts that are taken against the â€Å"weak ones† in a daily basis. Depressingly, the numbers of the victims never cease to stop. Even though there is a strong push on the making of the different laws and ordinances that are designed to protect people from being abused on the places that they are living or working in, it is undeniable that there is still a considerable annual rise to the rate of the population becoming victims of the said dreadful situation. As mentioned above, there are numerous types of abuses that plagues the society today. With the influences of media and other publications that provoke both sexual desires and violence, the desires of people to do something awful to others to simply comply to the thirst that they feel for themselves and the satisfaction that they ought to reach become much vivid and harder to avoid. Hence, pushing the abusers to come up with destructive acts that bring others into a devastating situation. It could be noted too through psychological studies that one cause of the ways by which people are moved to follow a certain path that leads them to abusing others actually involve depression and in depth disregard of one’s self. Most of the time, when depression and stress takes over the mental system of a particular person, the deciding power of the person begins to weaken hence making it possible for him to take massive steps of destructive acts that usually lead to them abusing other people. Yes, frustrations and unfulfilled missions or aims bring much depression on human individuals. When this depression is treated in the wrong manner, the situation becomes harder to control. Psychologists particularly note this as one of the failures of the nervous system to assist one in righteously deciding for what is supposed to be acceptably right to do when hard-to-deal with circumstances arise. The said failure gradually affects to one loosing his control over his actions. Add to the fact that there are those who take addictive substances that are directly affecting their decision-making capabilities thus making it harder for them to judge of whether what they are doing are right or not. The Personal Effects of Abuse and Violence As mentioned earlier, violence and abuse are two related terms that describe the destructive situation that most people who are less able to protect themselves experience on the hands of the oppressive sector of the human population. Hence, through the study that has been presented above, it could be noted that the results of the said incidents may either be positive or negative on the part of the individual that has been victimized by the said situation. The result becomes positive when the victims primarily learns how to defend himself the next time that the same situation occurs or in some way he or she has already learned to protect themselves from actually being involved in destructive situations based on the experience that they once had. On the contrary, the results may become negative if the victim begins to view the situation as an incident that could bring her or him to a fearful state against the systems of the human society. The state of isolation becomes and self-rejection is then added to the negative results of the said incidents. Involving the Family Amidst all the successes that the society achieves through the existence of technology and communication, it is quite disturbing how the situation of the most important sector of the society suffers so much. Family, as the basic unit of the social relationships, is the one receiving the most negative effects of technological and industrial advancements. Intimacy and attachment has been much a hard case to deal with when dealing especially with the modern married couples. The thoughts of long ago regarding the long-run relationship that marriage is supposed to be had been gradually changed by the fact that system of the society today have already changed as well. The priorities and the goals of individuals have already been exchanged with the need of being economically successful in the field of their own chosen careers. Sadly, although both men and women are aware that they were meant to share a special relationship based on love, only few are able to realize to understand the reality of the vows that they give at the brink of their wedding ceremonies. Marriage, as a human contract is a special bond that should be considered as a serious link between two people who are bounded by love. However, at some point, the view of marriage has been changed during the present era. Because of the social changes, marriage has been subjected to different challenges. Today, conflicts are directly bombarded towards the relationship of married couples that in turn makes the situation much harder to deal with. As a result, many among those couples simply end up in divorce. For many years, it has been a standard definition of a family to be referred to as a group of people who are related to each other and are thus bonded together by blood. The attachment within the said group goes beyond just the existence of a common blood, but it is further linked stronger through the existence of love. With the said advancements though of the society, the family is further subjected to facing several issues that concerns the strength of its ties. . Since time is lacking, the members of the family are having a hard time creating time for themselves to at least deal with each other through communication, in turn, intimacy is lost. This is specifically true with parents, or married couples. Because of the time that they devote to their jobs, they usually find it hard to balance their time to give each other attention for the sake of the development of their relationship. As a result, the love that they once have lost the love that they once had for each other because of lack of time, communication and intimacy, their relationship’s solidity begins to drift away. On the contrary though, Donna and Roger are among the couples who are able to meet the challenges of marriage amidst all the challenges both personal and familial that are presented to the society nowadays. Although there had been some rough portions of their marriage, it could be noted through the interview that they have managed to set through their differences and were able to make adjustments so as to give themselves some room to improve as individuals and as couples. It is undeniable that being married at a young age is something that is much harder to deal with that dealing with simply the challenges of marriage itself. Aside from all the financial problems, personal adjustments certainly needed to be given attention especially on the part of the interviewees. The highlights of their relationship could be noted to have nothing to do with gaining surmountable amounts of wealth but with that of being together with their family. Seeing things in a simpler manner makes it easier for young couples to see life in a much less-complicated matter of life. It is through this that they are able to give importance to the more caring to better things that wealth itself. True, they recognize that material gains add up to the happiness of the family since it gives the members a chance to enjoy the things they want without limits at least. However, this does not mean that the happiness of family members does not only rely on the influence of money at all. Instead, real family happiness relies on the fact that family members are still able to connect with each other through communication and simply by just being together amidst the busy schedules that each member of the family deals with regarding their work or school activities as well as house chores. Making sure that each member is given the attention that they need from the family is an important key to family success. A Therapeutic Approach The Family Assessment Device has been designed to measure improvements concerning the Family Therapy. In a busy and complicated world that families have to deal with these days, it is very vital every family be able to face the challenges of today’s world. Although at times, the hardships that families has to face makes it difficult for its members to keep close and intact relationship with each other. Aside from this, the results of such a complicated life leads to different emotional and physical depressions which makes it harder for every family member to comprehend to each other’s needs and be able to cope with life’s changes at the same time. This is why many families chose to undergo several family therapies to be able to solve the growing gap between their members and thus lead a better family life. The Family Assessment Device includes six major dimensions that are connected to family functioning. The said six major scopes of the said assessment device are the problem solving, communication, roles, effective responsiveness, effective involvement and behavioral control. The dimension on Problem Solving intends to measure the capability of a family to be able to face and solve certain problems that arise within the family. With the use of questionnaires having four possible responses on agreeing to the solutions suggested and disagreeing, each family is scaled depending on their answers. The other dimensions as well follow the same pattern of questionnaires. After answering the questions, each result shall be averaged, evaluated and concluded regarding the improvements of the family in the therapies they undergo. The standard results for the Family Assessment Device which concludes that the family has already improved through the family therapy is based on how well they have comprehended with the activities they undergo during the therapy. There are major ways on how to evaluate the changes in a family. One is through the statistical significance of changes observed, another is through the percentage of dropping below clinical cut-offs and finally through the magnitude of change between intake and termination. These three major evaluation processes helps the psychologists to scale the improvements that the family being observed has already incurred. Many experts have proved the reliability of tests and family assessments such as the Family Assessment Device effective. True, at times, the application of this assessment may not be that easy but the cooperation of the family under therapy programs would really help in making assessments such as this a successful program. At times, there might be some family members who would rather depend on their own understanding of the problems they are facing than referring their problems to experts. Usually, this makes the FAD application harder to apply, but as said earlier, constant assistance and assurance to the families that they are being helped and not exploited or whatsoever, the Family Assessment could be concluded to be successful. Conclusion As it could be noted through the studies and discussion presented above, the result of violence and abuse upon the victim simply depends on his or her perception of the situation that occurred. Someone who is strong and wise enough in facing life’s challenges may look at this particular experience as a lesson that would teach him to take full responsibility of the situation the next time that the same thing happens. However, a person who is actually frail in facing the surprises that life has to offer would break down upon experiencing certain devastating incidents. Yes, it is one’s development as a person and perception towards life and the challenges that it brings that would actually determine the ways by which an individual would be affected by violence or abuse. It is only through a person’s discretion that the effects of the said situations could be identified within the growth progress that that particular person would undergo. It is also upon the person’s discretion as to how he or she would actually allow the said incident to impact her personality as well as her social dealings. In the end, yes, it will all depend on the person afflicted by the situation. References: Sexual Victimization,† Child Abuse and Neglect, 18 (1994):303–318. Browne, A. , and Finkelhor, D. , â€Å"Impact of Sexual Abuse: A Review of the Research,† Psychological Bulletin, 99 (1986):66–77. Beitchman, J. H. , et al. , â€Å"A Review of the Long- Term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse,† Child Abuse and Neglect, 16 (1992):101–118. Cathy Spatz, â€Å"Child Abuse, Neglect, and Adult Behavior: Research Design and Findings on Criminality, Violence, and Child Abuse,† American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59 (1989):355–67. Pfendler, B. A. (1997, April). Validation of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) in an intensive family therapy program. Psychological Association, Washington D. C. Ridenour, T. A. , Daley, J. G. , Reich, W. (1999). Factor Analyses of the Family Assessment Device. Family Process, 37,38. Sluttery, J. M. (1997). Predictors of Family Therapy Outcome. Unpublished data, Handout. Kabacoff, R. I. et al. (1990). A psychometric study of the McMaster Family Assessment Device in psychiatric, medical and nonclinical samples. Journal of Family Psychology.

Young Goodman Brown VS. Paul Essay -- essays research papers fc

Young Goodman Brown vs. Paul   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After studying the short stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Willa Cather’s â€Å"Paul’s Case†, I began to see many similarities within the two stories. Both of the main characters in each story have characteristics that could be looked at as being alike, but after analyzing each character I started to find that although alike in some aspects, these two characters are very different from one another. At first I noticed that both Goodman Brown and Paul are starved for attention, but in different ways. Next, I see that each character has issues with their past and are both trying desperately to overcome them. Finally, I found that each character’s main goal in life was the desire to become something outstanding in their communities. Each of these points is evidence that although similar, each character has many different views on how to accomplish their goals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, we will start with Goodman Brown. He is the main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story titled â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. â€Å"Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society† (McCabe). I think that Hawthorne’s own past is and complications are reveled in his story about Goodman Brown. I believe that Goodman Brown has had a rough past and is trying to reach beyond his past in order to reach heaven. Goodman has some major problems with his wife, Faith, and everyone else in his community. I think that he is seeing everyone as perfect people, but he is having impure thoughts about himself and his past. In order to deal with these problems within himself, he is making up that everyone has this awful bad side. When he goes into the forest, he believes he is talking to the devil with looks much like his grandfather. The devil is feeding him bad thoughts about everyone he knows, even his own father and his wife Fai th. Next, I believe that Goodman Brown has had a rough past and in order for him to overcome this within himself he must search for attention. This attention may not be needed from his wife or community members, I believe it is needed from him. He is feeling overwhelmed with obligations from his wife and peers that he has no time to decide whether this type of life is right for him. So, in search for the answer to his questions about life, he turns to the devil and takes his... ...become anything he dreamed about becoming in his life he thought he should move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reviewing both, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s and Willa Cather’s short stories, I believe that although similar in some ways, Goodman Brown and Paul are far more different than what we might expect. Both have similar characteristics, and even may share the same problems, but these two characters are two very different people, from very different periods of time. Works Cited Cather, Willa â€Å"Paul’s Case: A Study in Temperament†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://unx1.shsu.edu/~eng_wpf/authors/Cather   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004 Hawthorne, Nathaniel â€Å"The Text of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://itech.fgcu.edu/Hawthorne.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004 McCabe, Michael E. â€Å"The Consequences of Puritan Depravity and Distrust as Historical Context for Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, Available @ http://itech.fgcu.edu/facualty/wohlpart/alra/Hawthorne.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 19, 2004

External Reserach – Childcare Level 3

‘’It is important to plan to meet the care and learning needs of all children. ’’ External research CACHE LEVEL 3 DIPLOMA IN CHILDCARE AND EDUCATION Introduction Criteria 1 – Criteria 2 – The first stage of the learning cycle is planning and this is where you plan for the children activities that will be carried out throughout the time at placement and these activities need to be planned for the needs of all children.When practitioners are planning the activity they need to consider the resources, if the activity is age stage appropriate, any protective clothing that may be need during the activity, health and safety and how all the children will be included together, not discriminating any child because of their age, gender, abilities or disability. The second stage is where the planned activity takes places and during this the children will carry out the activity to help them, learn and develop in all aspects of development; social, emotiona l, physical, and intellectual and language development.It also allows practitioners to observe the children during play activities. When practitioners observe, they look for the child’s development and abilities. The third and last stage of the cycle is to review and this is when the practitioner looks back and reflects on the activity (reflect on it) to see where they can improve. The planning cycle is used to meets care needs of children, learning needs of children, help them develop and help them to develop and learn different stages of development.I have seen this happen at placement where the practitioners were planning an activity along the lines of previously noticing a group of boys enjoy playing with the cars and after noticing this, they decided to carry out a work sheet using cars to teach them how to count. When planning this activity, they considered the abilities of the children, the health and safety as well as resources needed.During this activity the practiti oners were observing to see how the children were coping, child’s development stages and what the children were learning during the activity. Once the activity has taken place the practitioners reviewed it by using a reflective cycle. A long term goal is something you want to achieve over a long period of time normal one year or five years. In a school a long term plan is used to cover all aspects of the National Curriculum whereas in a Nursery a long term plan would cover all aspects of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS, 2012).The practitioners would plan for whole year of children’s time at the setting and it meets the care needs of children by planning for their holidays. It cares for the learning needs of children because it plans to provide the best use of resources and equipment available and the environment in which the children will learn in. This can be a disadvantage because the planning doesn’t allow for immediate changes on a day to day or terml y basis.A long term plan would be covering a curriculum plan because it sets goals, develops strategies and outlines tasks and schedules within the setting. It meets the care needs of children by allowing the practitioners to provide supporting activities for the individual needs of the children and meets the hearing needs by having opportunities that challenge the children, varied types of activities such as adult- led, child-led and free play by learning indoors and outdoors.Practitioners have a meeting ever term and plan for activities and task for the whole school term of the child to help support and develop their care and learning needs in the best possible way to allow each individual child to achieve the next stage. A medium term goal is something that you build upon from a short team goal. Practitioners would plan termly/monthly by building upon the short term plans. It meets the learning needs of children by looking at the themes. Medium term planning in my placement consi ders a central theme spread across a number of weeks:A short term goal is achieving something in the near future for example: within a week. Practitioners would do daily plans and observe the children in order to be able to make changes in the plan to meet individual unique child’s needs. It meets the learning needs of children because it can be immediately changed on a daily basis or weekly basis according to the child’s individual learning needs, abilities and disabilities as well as their likes and dislike to help them move forward in their development and develop their skills.In my current placement practitioners saw a group of boys enjoying playing with the cars. Later on that same day the practitioners got an idea to plan activities around that theme for the following week to help the 2 to 5 years olds learn to count up to 20 which helps the practitioners to encourage and interest the children’s learning by using things that they like to help meet their ne eds in order for them to develop. Routines are tasks, chores, or duties done as regularly as possible or at specified time of the day e. g. typical or every day. It can also be activities happing during the same time period in the day, such as lunch, reading, or playground time. In a childcare setting, a routine maybe having meal times three times a day or having rest time after lunch. They are used for teaching them to be prepared for adult life and helping them to understand their duties. It is important that adults stimulate children’s minds, social skills, emotional and bodies with routines for them to be able to learn and remember these different routines for the future.Routines meet care needs of children because they make children feel safe and build’s the child’s confidence. Routines meet children’s learning needs because the children will learn everyday skill and also allow children to know what is expected of them. I have experienced many differ ent routines throughout my work placements; I have recently seen a routine for the whole day which is in my appendix 2. Criteria 3 – Criteria 4 – Effective planning is something that works well. It also meets the children’s individual needs and helps identify a path of achievement.There are eight feature to effective planning; support for practitioners, effective planning, sharing best practice, knowing the child, encourage reflection, helps with translation and makes it requirement and enjoyable. Effective planning involves around the child. Curriculum plans can be done and allows for practitioners to meet the children’s learning and care needs over a long period of time. This does not always work because each child is individual and they develop skills and abilities at their own time.To make this work effectively practitioners could use a SMART target to plan over the week for each individual child according to their likes, dislikes and what they can an d can’t do. Practitioners could combine both the curriculum plan and Smart target by using the planning cycle, long term and short term plans to make it effective because this allows for all children to learn and develop at their own time and achieve their next stage up. Within my setting practitioners plan effectively by using the SMART target to plan for the week ahead and combine this with using the curriculum plan to do and review over the next month for every child.Once they have observed the activity and child, they then plan activity according to their observation. A combination of planning tools are used in settings to give practitioners good outcomes, meet children’s needs and learning needs and don’t allow practitioners to plan, do and review. I have noticed in my previous setting that practitioners use one type of plan which is the short term plan because they plan weekly for their activities whereas in my current placement practitioners use a range o f plans such as a weekly plan along side an activity plan and a medium plan.If effective planning wasn’t used practitioners would be having bad management in organising activities, practitioners will not get the outcome they are looking for easily, children needs will not be meet to the best interest and they may not be able develop their skills and development well enough because they don’t have the assess to the appropriate activities and resources (age stage). Criteria 5 – Having an appropriate environment in place to support care and learning needs is important because practitioners should make sure that the environment is safe and secure for the children as well as welcoming and warm.It also needs to be stimulating for the children to be able to explore and investigate in. This is stated by Early Years foundation stage (EYFS, 2012) who states that it is important to plan and provide an appropriate environment both indoors and outdoors throughout the day. Th e Reggio Emilio approach focuses on both the outdoor and indoor environment as equally important because they both allow children to explore and discover, free play and creative thinking. Reggio believed that the indoor and outdoor nvironment stimulates children’s learning, children develop socially and they can express themselves in any way they want. Reggio pre-schools believes in having discovery, stimulating learning environments (both indoor and outdoor) for children to be able to reflect on their own learning and record the children’s learning progress (Tassoni, 2007) This approach can benefit children as it allows them to work more closely with the adult to help stimulate their skills, abilities and development within their environment.Children’s play is carried out in a learning environment which is characterised by both indoor and outdoor learning to help children move on in their development stage and it needs to be safe for children to play and learn in where they are protected and supervised at all times by an adult. It is vital to have the appropriate equipment at the child’s level in both the outdoor and indoor environment to help support the learning they need as well as meet each child’s individual needs.Both theorists also support the learning needs of children by allowing them to physical, socially, emotionally, intellectually, cognitive and language develop. ‘’ A good early childhood environment meets the child's basic needs and supports and encourages children to engage in activities that implement the programme's curriculum. ’’ (Exteral research/creating-indoor-environments-for-young-children. htm 1997-2012) Criteria 6 –Care needs are supporting the children’s personal care needs such as feeding, sleeping and hygiene. It helps children to become independent and teaches them life skills. The theorist which supports this is Maslow (1943) and his hierarchy of need. It concerns the responsibility of adults to care and provide a safe environment that encourages and enables the adults to support and meet all the needs of an individual child.These needs include; physical, emotional, social, and intellectual and are shown in the model and diagram of the pyramid five stages. The framework that supports care needs is the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) (2012) and they influences day to day practice by making sure each practitioner follows the correct curriculum framework within their practice and care for the children. ‘’There is also a range of supporting guidance on implementing the EYFS requirements which should be used alongside the Statutory Framework.In particular: Development Matters – which provides guidance on observing, assessing and planning for each child's individual learning and development, a know how guide for progress check at age two – which gives case studies and templates to support you with the requir ement to provide parents with a written summary of their child's learning and development between their second and third birthday, EYFS for parents – which you should personalise to your setting to help you meet the requirement of informing parents how the EYFS is delivered. ’’ (czone. eastsussex. gov. uk 2012) Criteria 7 –Jean Piaget’s (1948) theory of play is play-based curriculums were all children are actively involved in their learning. He said that children go through four stages of development; Piaget (1948) theory of play is thought that ‘’learning is an active process in which children draw conclusions though exploration. He called these conclusions schemas. ’’ (Tassoni. P et al 2007 Pg 284). Piaget (1948) is a key influence on children learning (Tassoni, 2007). His theory supports and extends children’s learning needs because he believed that children will learn when they are ready to learn.Vygotskyâ€⠄¢s (1978) theory is based on zone of proximal learning. His theory supports children’s learning needs because he believed that children will learn cooperative activities set up for them where the less able children can learn and get help from the more advanced children. Vygotsky (1978) believed that if a child is at the zone of proximal for an activity and getting help from the adult, will allow the child to boost their achievement of the activity (simplypsychology. org 2010-2012). Criteria 8– Piaget (1984) theory of play has 4 types of play; physical play mastery play, symbolic play and constructive play.He thinks that play is assimilating and children make their own environment through the four different type of play. Piaget (1948) believed that children adapt and develop on their own experience. It is recognised in placement by practitioners because it gives them a guideline on the teaching they should be providing children with and enhance the children to develop their learning and skills. Practitioners could do this by respecting the children’s ideas, suggestions and opinions when they carry out an activity or task.Planning is early years settings should be used because it helps practitioners to get to know the child better by observing them in order to meet each individual child’s needs and plan accordingly to their stage of development and abilities to future help them develop their skills, abilities and development. They should plan for this by using weekly plans because each child is unique and they develop at their own rate which will allow them to make daily/weekly changes according to what they observe and see the children do and learn.Bibliography: Books: Tassoni. Penny, Kate. Beith, Kath. Bulum and Harriet. Eldridge (2007) CACHE level 3 Child Care and Education 4th edition, London: Heinemann Websites: East Sussex County Council (2012) – Early Years Foundation Stage [online] available at: https://czone. eastsuss ex. gov. uk/supportingchildren/childcare/support/eyfs/Pages/main. aspx Assessed on: 6th November 2012

Chemistry Science Fair Project Ideas

The best chemistry science fair project is one that answers a question or solves a problem. It can be challenging to come up  with a project idea, but looking at a list of chemistry projects other people have done may stimulate a similar idea for you. Or, you can take an idea and think of a new approach to the problem or question. Tips for Finding a Good Idea for Your Chemistry Project Write out your project idea in the form of a hypothesis as per the scientific method. If you can, come up with five to 10 hypothesis statements and work with the one that makes the most sense.Keep in mind how much time you have to complete the project, so dont select a science project that takes months to complete if you only have a few weeks. Remember, it takes time to analyze data and prepare your report. Its also possible that your experiment wont work out as planned, which would require you to develop an alternative project. A good rule of thumb is to choose an idea that takes less than half the total time you have.Dont discount an idea just because it doesnt seem to fit your educational level. Many projects can be made simpler or more complex to fit your level.Keep your budget and materials in mind. Great science doesnt have to cost a lot. Also, some materials might not be readily available where you live.Consider the season. For example, while a crystal-growing project might wo rk well under dry winter conditions, it might be hard to get crystals to grow during a humid rainy season. And a project involving seed germination may work better in the spring and summer (when seeds are fresh and sunlight is favorable) than in late autumn or winter.Dont be afraid to ask for help. Parents, teachers, and other students can help you fine-tune a science fair project idea.Follow rules and regulations. If you arent allowed to use live animals, dont choose an animal project. If you wont have access to electricity, dont pick a project that requires an outlet. A bit of planning can save you from disappointment. Examples of Good Chemistry Project Ideas The following is a list of interesting, inexpensive science fair project ideas. Consider the different scientific approaches you can take to answer each question. Can you use a  black light  to detect invisible spills or smelly stains in carpeting or elsewhere in the house? Can you predict what types of materials will  glow under a black light?Will  chilling  an onion before cutting it  keep you from crying?Does catnip repel cockroaches  better than DEET?What ratio of vinegar to  baking soda  produces the best  chemical volcano  eruption?What fabric fiber results in the brightest tie-dye?What type of plastic wrap prevents evaporation the best?What plastic wrap prevents oxidation the best?Which brand of diaper absorbs the most liquid?What percentage of an orange is water?Are night insects attracted to lamps because of heat or light?Can you make Jello using fresh pineapples instead  of canned pineapples?Do white candles burn at a different rate than colored candles?Does the presence of detergent in water affect plant growth?What type of car antifreeze is safest for the environment?Do different brands of orange juice conta in different  levels of vitamin C?Does the level of vitamin C in orange juice change over time?Does the level of vitamin C in orange juice change after the container is opened?Can a saturated solution of sodium chloride still dissolve Epsom salts?How effective are  natural mosquito repellents?Does magnetism affect the growth of plants?Do oranges gain or lose  vitamin C  after being picked?How does the shape of an ice cube affect how quickly it melts?How does sugar concentration vary in different brands of apple juices?Does storage temperature affect the pH of juice?Does the presence of cigarette smoke affect the growth rate of plants?Do different brands of popcorn leave different amounts of unpopped kernels?How do differences in surfaces affect the adhesion of tape? Chemistry Science Fair Project Ideas by Topic You can also brainstorm for your project by looking into topics that interest you. Click on the links to find project ideas based on subject matter. Acids, Bases, and pH: These are chemistry projects relating to acidity and alkalinity, mostly aimed at the middle school and high school levels.Caffeine: Are coffee or tea your thing? These projects relate mostly to experiments with caffeinated beverages, including energy drinks.Crystals: Crystals can be considered geology, physical science, or chemistry. Topics range in level from grade school to college.Environmental Science: Environmental science projects cover ecology, assessing environmental health and finding ways to solve relevant problems.Fire, Candles, and Combustion: Explore combustion science. Because fire is involved, these projects are best for higher grade levels.Food and Cooking Chemistry: There is a lot of science involving food. Plus, its a research subject everyone can access.Green Chemistry: Green chemistry seeks to minimize the environmental impact of chemistry. Its a good topic for middle and high school students.Household Project Testing: Researching household p roducts is accessible and easily relatable, making it an interesting science fair topic for students who might not ordinarily enjoy science.Magnets and Magnetism: Explore magnetism and compare different types of magnets.Materials: Materials science can relate to engineering, geology, or chemistry. There are even biological materials that can be used for projects.Plant and Soil Chemistry: Plant and soil science projects often require a bit more time than other projects, but all students have access to the materials.Plastics and Polymers: Plastics and polymers arent as complicated and confusing as you might think. These projects may be considered a branch of chemistry.Pollution: Explore sources of pollution and different ways to prevent or control it.Salt and Sugar: Salt and sugar are two ingredients anyone should be able to find, and there are many ways to explore these common household items.Sports Physics and Chemistry: Sports science projects may be attractive to students who dont see how science relates to everyday life. These projects may be of particular interest to athletes. Science Fair Projects  by Grade Level For level-specific project ideas, this list of resources is broken down by grade. Quick Look at Project Ideas by Educational LevelElementary School Science Fair ProjectsMiddle School Science Fair ProjectsHigh School Science Fair ProjectsCollege Science Fair ProjectsTenth Grade Science Fair ProjectsNinth Grade Science Fair ProjectsEighth Grade Science Fair ProjectsSeventh Grade Science Fair ProjectsSixth Grade Science Fair ProjectsFifth Grade Science Fair ProjectsFourth Grade Science Fair ProjectsThird Grade Science Fair Projects